Learning & its theories!

What is learning?

Webster’s Dictionary defines learning as “the act or experience of one that learns; knowledge of skill acquired by instruction or study; modification of a behavioral tendency by experience."

Learning is often defined as a change in behavior , which is demonstrated by people implementing knowledge, skills, or practices derived from education.

Learning is also defined as ‘the cognitive and physical activity giving rise to a relatively permanent change in knowledge, skills or attitude.

Perception including factor that effect the Perception

What is perception?Perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. The word perception comes from the Latin perception-, percepio, , meaning "receiving, collecting, action of taking possession, apprehension with the mind or senses.

According to Stephen P Robbins, Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. The term originated from a Latin word ‘percepio’ meaning receiving, collecting, action of taking possession, apprehension with the mind or senses.

Introduction to Individual Behaviour

What is behaviour?

Behaviour is the pattern of how a person responds to a stimulus.
Responses can be influenced by

Culture: the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs, and affective understanding that are learned through a process of socialization. These shared patterns identify the members of a culture group while also distinguishing those of another group.

Perception and Decision Making

Person Perception: Making judgment about others

Attribution Theory:

While observing people’s behavior such as getting an overseas assignment or promotion to top management position or failed miserably in university examination or fired from the employer etc, we attempt to determine whether it was internally caused or external caused.  If those factors  such as knowledge,  skill, effort,  talent,  hard work,  positive attitude are responsible for the occurrence of behavior, it is labeled as internally caused. Internally caused behaviors are those that are believed to be under the personal control of the individual. If those factors such as situational factors such as location advantage, non availability  of material,  contacts  with  influential  others,  etc are responsible  for the occurrence of behavior, it is labeled as externally caused. Externally caused behavior is seen as resulting  from outside  causes;  that is, the person  is seen as forced  into the behavior by the situation.

Introduction to Organizational Behavior

The study of Organizational Behaviour (OB) is very interesting and challenging too. It is related to individuals, group of people working together in teams. The study becomes more challenging when situational factors interact. The study of organizational behaviour relates to the expected behaviour of an individual in the organization. No two individuals are likely to behave in the same manner in a particular work situation. It is the predict ability of a manager about the expected behaviour of an individual. There are no absolutes in human behaviour. It is the human factor that is contributory to the productivity hence the study of human behaviour is important. Great importance therefore must be attached to the study. Researchers, management practitioners, psychologists, and social scientists must understand the very credentials of an individual, his background, social framework, educational update, impact of social groups and other situational factors on behaviour. Managers under whom an individual is working should be able to explain, predict, evaluate and modify human behaviour that will largely depend upon knowledge, skill and experience of the manager in handling large group of people in diverse situations. Pre- emptive actions need to be taken for human behaviour forecasting. The value system, emotional intelligence, organizational culture, job design and the work environment are important causal agents in determining human behaviour. Cause and effect relationship plays an important role in how an individual is likely to behave in a particular situation and its impact on productivity. An appropriate organizational culture can modify individual behaviour. Recent trends exist in laying greater stress on organizational development and imbibing a favorable organizational culture in each individual. It also involves fostering a team spirit and motivation so that the organizational objectives are achieved. There is a need for commitment on the part of the management that should be continuous and incremental in nature. The scope of the organizational behaviour is as under:

Mangerial Economics

Managerial economics is a social science discipline that combines the economics theory, concepts and known business practices in order to make the process of decision making easy. It is a very useful concept for every manager that is planning for the future. This is so because it assists the managers to make rational decisions on various obstacles facing the firm. Most of the complex management decision facing a firm can be broken down in a series of logical solutions. A key area of managerial economics is the theory of a firm that entails the best mix of the scarce resources to maximize profits within the firm. Marginal benefits and cost analysis is also another broad area in managerial economics. Managerial economics can be viewed by most modern economists as a practical application of economics theory in using effectively the firm’s scarce resources.

Managerial economics as a science is useful to managers in making decisions relating to a firm’s customer’s base, competitors and strategic future decisions. A lot of mathematical concepts especially statistics and analytical tools are required because of the probabilistic nature of future decisions that the firm wants to make. Most people might ask the questions why study managerial economics while one can make decisions based on past data. It is a genuine question but it is not possible to make a conclusion merely on the bases of prior data because of the dynamic nature of the current market. We have seen a lot of unexpected events that have happened in the past that we never expected. One is the crash of major banks in the US and the current crisis in Greece. Based on these examples it is now clear that we need an approach like managerial economics which will not only take into consideration the prior data but will allow us to include future risks in the posterior data.

Managerial economics helps the manager or the group/ groups of people making the decisions to increase their problem analytics skills as well as formulation solution to probabilistic problems. The main differences between managerial economics and the other branches of economics such as macro and micro economics is that. Micro economics involves the allocation of scarce resources on household level. Macro economics involve the study of economics as a whole. While managerial economics applies the tools learnt in these branches to come up with viable business ideas. Managerial economics is very broad and is not only used in decisions making for profit making organization but also useful to non-profit making organizations in the proper utilization of their scarce resources. The concept of management economics is also very useful in price determination, long term capital budgeting, and insights into the demands of a commodity.

Different schools of thought have suggested that managerial economics use the concepts of economics theory that differ from the fact that managerial economics is a combination of both economics theory and econometrics in making decisions. Econometrics is the use of statistical tools such as statistical packages and theories to experimentally measure the relationship that exist between economics variables. Its main advantage is that it uses factual data to model different scenarios.

Download MS-Office 2003

Dear All friends

Its for you just click the link and download MS-Office 2003

Will you Download??? Then Click buddy....

INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL MANAGERIAL ERA (1950)

In our present age of market driven capitalism and futuristic knowledge driven economic markets, the

decision are made and the trends are set by the professional managers. Unlike their predecessors, the

captains of today’s business do not own their own companies. They must know the whole business but have control over only one small part. They must be product oriented, process conscious, financially responsible, and public spirited. They must be all things to all people, yet still function as only one cog in the wheel.

If the history of management tells us anything, it is that, no matter what happens; peace or war, prosperity or famine, this world will always be in need of good managers the kind who can get society from “where it is” to “where it wants to be.” Can you be one?

Download Adobe Acrobat Reader Softwares

Dear Friends

Here I have built a link for download your required softwares...

It will open your PDF files


Download Adobe Acrobat Reader 8.0.0 With serial Codes.

Meet The 'Assassination Market' Creator Who's Crowdfunding Murder With Bitcoins

As Bitcoin becomes an increasingly popular form of digital cash, the cryptocurrency is being accepted in exchange for everything from socks to sushi to heroin. If one anarchist has his way, it’ll soon be used to buy murder, too.
Last month I received an encrypted email from someone calling himself by the pseudonym Kuwabatake Sanjuro, who pointed me towards his recent creation: The website Assassination Market, a crowdfunding service that lets anyone anonymously contribute bitcoins towards a bounty on the head of any government official–a kind of Kickstarter for political assassinations. According to Assassination Market’s rules, if someone on its hit list is killed–and yes, Sanjuro hopes that many targets will be–any hitman who can prove he or she was responsible receives the collected funds.

3 Business Tax Moves to Make Now

Some big-dollar tax deductions that affect businesses are set to expire in 2013, so now’s the time to make sure your company considers taking advantage of them for the current tax year. Doing so may allow you to buy more equipment, send less to the IRS, or both.
Senior Consultant Peter Brown of Sageworks, a financial information company, talks with accountants daily and said quite a few of these professionals are working on year-end planning right now, setting up client meetings and making calls. “Many accountants are trying to contact their

Unique Feature of E-Commerce

E-Commerce words describe its own explanation for all internet based business. E-Commerce Technology has expanded their branches in all market segments. Day by day we look some new technology and e-Commerce application for our business. E-Commerce is not new technology. It has been running from 10 years back. From back to current e-Commerce technology has changed the lots for business profiles and vital product,  pricing and retailer client details on more than 1,200 application  developers and service providers in 23 different e-commerce market  segments. These changes make it better.

What is E Commerce?

Definition of E-Commerce:

E Commerce stands for electronic commerce and caters to trading in goods and services through the electronic medium such as internet, mobile or any other computer network. It involves the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) in making commerce between consumers and organizations, organization and organization or consumer and consumer. With the growing use of internet worldwide, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has also increased in humungous amounts and so has flourished e-commerce with the prolific virtual internet bazaar inside the digital world which is righty termed as e-malls.

Business Plan

What Is a Business Plan?

What is a business plan?
A business plan is any plan that works for a business to look ahead, allocate resources, focus on key points, and prepare for problems and opportunities.

Unfortunately, many people think of business plans only for starting a new business or applying for business loans. But they are also vital for running a business, whether or not the business needs new loans or new investments. Businesses need plans to optimize growth and development according to priorities.

Happy New Islamic Year 1435

Welcome

Dear Friends
           By creating this site we are trying to help MBA students for preparing their studies. In this site you will find all subjects information regarding MBA studies. Just keep in touche with our blog and share it with your friends too.

Feel free for contact us for giving us the suggestions by
Email: khansaccounts@gmail.com
Skype: khansaccounts1
Facebook:

MBA Batch 09 2nd Semester Time Table